Minor losses are due to - Pipe entrance or exit - [[Sudden Expansion or Contraction]] - bends, elbows, tees, or other fittings - valves (open/closed/partial) - [[Gradual Expansion or Contractions]] - Wye or Tee Minor losses may not be so "minor" in fact they can be major ## 1. [[Loss Coefficient]] Measured minor loss is usually given as a ratio of head loss to velocity head $K= \frac{\Delta p}{\frac{1}{2}\rho v^2}$