Chemical equilibrium is achieved for constant temperature and pressure systems when the rate of change of concentration goes to zero for all species.[^1]
Chemical equilibrium can happen fast or slow relative to the problem studied. In a converging diverging rocket nozzle, you assume two types of equilibria
- reaction continues to happen as the gasses pass through the nozzle. This is called *shifting equilibrium*
- flow passes through the nozzle so fast that after the combustion chamber no reaction happen. This is called *frozen equilibrium*
The reality is somewhere in between.
[[Gibbs Free Energy]] of a system in equilibrium does not change.
[^1]: Combustion Engineering, Ragland & Bryden